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Dear Friend,

Thank you, and I mean it. 

You know, it seems there are a lot of companies out there that just want to grab your money and run. Not me, I'm different. I want you to know that I truly appreciate your business and that this is the beginning of a relationship, not the end.

First off, I would like to thank you for choosing HomeFront Inspection and Building Consulting Service for your home buying needs. I am your home consultant for life.

It is very important that you read and understand this material before you come to the inspection. This will save us both valuable time during the inspection.

Please read the following:

First read:  "Understanding what a home inspection is and is not"

Second read: "Understanding the purpose of a Home Inspection"

Third read: "The Inspection Agreement"

Here are some other services that you may need.


Thermal Imaging Explained

Thermal imaging is a non-invasive method of detection defects invisible to the naked eye. Without thermal imaging, defects such as these below can go unnoticed and undetected. The inspector is not responsible for what he can not see.

Thermal Imaging goes way beyond the regular visible home inspection. We have the ability to see what other inspectors can not see.

Without thermal imaging you my be missing defects that later will cost you.

NOTE:

If you choose not to include Thermal Imaging, you must sign a release form which relieves the inspector's responsibility for defects that thermal imaging could have detected. 

What is Thermal Imaging?   

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What you See

What I see with Infrared

 

Thermal Imaging, AKA Infrared, is a powerful, noninvasive method of monitoring and diagnosing the condition of houses. With it, I can quickly identify problem areas that can't be detected with the naked eye - eliminating costly, destructive probing methods.

Infrared thermography cameras produce images of invisible infrared, or "heat" radiation and provide you with precise non-contact temperature measurements.

Invaluable for moisture problems and mold problems!

Moisture in building materials can destroy the structural integrity and nurture mold and insect infestation. Infrared cameras can instantly image entire rooms, inspect hard-to-reach places, reveal wet conditions behind surfaces at the source, and then monitor when the area is completely dry.

Perfect for finding hot spots!

For mechanical equipment, nearly everything gets hot before it fails - making infrared cameras extremely cost-effective and valuable diagnostic tools in many diverse applications.

What can infrared cameras do for you?

Infrared cameras meet the demands of building diagnostics. They feature immediate high-resolution thermal imagery, which reveals potential structural and moisture issues, energy efficiency and even rodents or pests. Use an infrared camera to find:

  • Moisture
  • Missing or defective insulation
  • Structural shortcomings
  • HVAC problem areas
  • Sourced of heating/cooling losses
  • Plumbing blockages
  • Roof leaks
  • Electrical issues
  • Rodents and other pests
  • And much more!

Thermal Imaging is an added service to your standard home inspection, so please request this valuable service when scheduling your home inspection.


Here are some of the "Hidden" Problems I found in homes that had little or no indications of moisture problems.

What you See What I see with Infrared
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The dark images that show up with Infrared is moisture intrusion.

Note: The yellow device in the upper right picture is a moisture meter. It is used to verify the presence of moisture.

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Radon Explained

Radon gas is #2 cause of lung cancer. Get your do it yourself radon test kit or radon detector here.

 

 


Radon gas destroys lives! As the second leading cause of lung cancer, radon kills thousands every year. A substance to which no one is immune! Radon exists worldwide. Without the proper precautions, this radioactive gas can destroy your family. Now there is an easy and affordable way to test for dangerous levels of radon gas. 

Isn't  your family's health worth it? 

 

Radon gas is #2 cause of lung cancer. Get your do it yourself radon test kit or radon detector here.

Radon Atom

Radon gas cannot be seen, smelled or tasted, but it exists in the air you breathe. You are likely to gain the most exposure to Radon in your own home, where you spend most of your time. Without proper precautions, Radon can build up to toxic levels and put your family members in danger of developing lung cancer.  Get a radon test kit now!

Attention Smokers: Radon has been found to be only second to smoking as the major cause of lung cancer. If you smoke and are exposed to high levels of Radon, your risk of developing lung cancer is higher than you think! 

Radon Myths & Facts

 


The Basics on radon gas?

Radon (chemical symbol Rn) is a naturally occurring radioactive gas found in soils, rock, and water throughout the U.S. It has numerous different isotopes, but radon-220, and -222 are the most common. Radon causes lung cancer, and is a threat to health because it tends to collect in homes, sometimes to very high concentrations. As a result, radon is the largest source of exposure to naturally occurring radiation.

Who discovered radon?

The German chemist Friedrich E. Dorn discovered radon-222 in 1900, and called it radium emanation. However, a scarcer isotope, radon-220, was actually observed first, in 1899, by British scientists R.B. Owens and Ernest Rutherford. The medical community nationwide became aware of radon in 1984. That year a nuclear plant worker in Pennsylvania discovered radioactivity on his clothing while exiting his place of work through the radiation detectors. The source of the radiation was determined to be radon decay products on his clothing originating from his home.

Where does radon come from?

Radon-222 is the decay product of radium-226. Radon-222 and its parent, radium-226, are part of the long decay chain for uranium-238. Since uranium is essentially ubiquitous in the earth's crust, radium-226 and radon-222 are present in almost all rock, soil, and water.


"Home Buyer's and Seller's Guide to Radon"

home buyer's and seller's guide

Office of Air and Radiation (OAR),
Office of Radiation and Indoor Air (ORIA) (6609J)
402-K-00-008, July 2000
 

EPA Recommends:

  • If you are buying a home or selling your home, have it tested for radon.
     
  • For a new home, ask if radon-resistant construction features were used and if the home has been tested.
     
  • Fix the home if the radon level is 4 PicoCuries per liter (pCi/L) or higher.
     
  • Radon levels less than 4 pCi/L still pose a risk, and in many cases, may be reduced.
     
  • Take steps to prevent device interference when conducting a radon test.

Table of Contents

  1. Why Should I Test for Radon?
    a. Radon Has Been Found in Homes All Over the United States
    b. EPA and the Surgeon General Recommend That You Test Your Home
     
  2. I'm Selling a Home.  What Should I Do?
    a. If Your Home Has Already Been Tested for Radon
    b. If Your Home Has Not Yet Been Tested for Radon
     
  3. I'm Buying a Home.  What Should I Do?
    a. If the Home Has Already Been Tested for Radon
    b. If the Home Has Not Yet Been Tested for Radon
     
  4. I'm Buying or Building a New Home.  How Can I Protect My Family?
    a. Why Should I Buy a Radon-Resistant Home?
    b. What Are Radon-Resistant Features?
  1. How Can I Get Reliable Radon Test Results?
    a. Types of Radon Devices
    b. General Information for All Devices
    c. Preventing or Detecting Test Interference
    d. Length of Time to Test
    e. Doing a Short-Term Test
    f.  Using Testing Devices Properly for Reliable Results
    g. Interpreting Radon Test Results
        Radon and Smoking
        Radon Testing Checklist
  2. What Should I Do If the Radon Level is High?
    a. High Radon Levels Can Be Reduced
    b. How to Lower the Radon Level in Your Home
    c. Selecting a Radon-Reduction (Mitigation) Contractor
    d. What Can a Qualified Radon-Reduction Contractor Do for You
    e. Radon in Water
     
  3. Radon Myths and Facts

 An Adobe Acrobat PDF version of this document is also available [hmbuygud.pdf].

radon chart
Based on information contained in the National Academy of Sciences report, The Health Effects of Exposure to Indoor Radon, radon is estimated to cause between 15,000 and 22,000 lung cancer deaths per year.  Data on (non-radon) causes of death are from Injury Facts, 1999 Edition, National Safety Council, Itasca, IL.

 

OVERVIEW

This Guide answers important questions about radon and lung cancer risk.  It also answers questions about testing and fixing for anyone buying or selling a home.

Radon Is a Cancer-Causing, Radioactive Gas

You cannot see, smell, or taste radon. But it still may be a problem in your home.  When you breathe air containing radon, you increase your risk of getting lung cancer.  In fact, the Surgeon General of the United States has warned that radon is the second leading cause of lung cancer in the United States today.  If you smoke and your home has high radon levels, your risk of lung cancer is especially high.

National Academy of Sciences Report on Radon

In February 1998, the National Academy of Sciences (NAS) released its report on radon and lung cancer, The Health Effects of Exposure to Indoor Radon (the BEIR VI report).  The NAS is an independent, non-governmental, scientific organization.  The NAS estimates that radon causes between 15,000 and 22,000 lung cancer deaths each year in the United States and that 12 percent of all lung cancer deaths are linked to radon.  The BEIR VI Committee (Biological Effects of Ionizing Radiation) concluded that after smoking, radon is the second leading cause of death due to lung cancer in the United States.

You Should Test for Radon

Testing is the only way to find out your home's radon levels. EPA and the Surgeon General recommend testing all homes below the third floor for radon.

You Can Fix a Radon Problem

If you find that you have high radon levels, there are ways to fix a radon problem. Even very high levels can be reduced to acceptable levels.

If You Are Selling a Home...

EPA recommends that you test your home before putting it on the market and, if necessary, lower your radon levels. Save the test results and all information you have about steps that were taken to fix any problems. This could be a positive selling point. 

If You Are Buying a Home...

EPA recommends that you know what the indoor radon level is in any home you consider buying.  Ask the seller for their radon test results.  If the home has a radon-reduction system, ask the seller for information they have about the system.

If the home has not yet been tested, you should have the housed tested.

If you are having a new home built, there are features that can be incorporated into your home during construction to reduce radon levels.

The radon testing guidelines in this Guide have been developed specifically to deal with the time-sensitive nature of home purchases and sales, and the potential for radon device interference.  These guidelines are slightly different from the guidelines in other EPA publications which provide radon testing and reduction information for non-real estate situations.

This Guide recommends three short-term testing options for real estate transactions.  EPA also recommends testing a home in the lowest level which is currently suitable for occupancy, since a buyer may choose to live in a lower area of the home than that used by the seller.

1. Why Do You Need to Test for Radon?

a. radon foundRadon Has Been Found In Homes All Over the U.S.

Radon is a radioactive gas that has been found in homes all over the United States. It comes from the natural breakdown of uranium in soil, rock and water and gets into the air you breathe. Radon typically moves up through the ground to the air above and into your home through cracks and other holes in the foundation. Radon can also enter your home through well water.  Your home can trap radon inside.

Any home can have a radon problem. This means new and old homes, well-sealed and drafty homes, and homes with or without basements. In fact, you and your family are most likely to get your greatest radiation exposure at home. That is where you spend most of your time.

Nearly 1 out of every 15 homes in the United States is estimated to have an elevated radon level (4 pCi/L or more).  Elevated levels of radon gas have been found in homes in your state. Contact your state radon office for information about radon in your area.

b. EPA and the Surgeon General Recommend That You Test Your Home

Testing is the only way to know if you and your family are at risk from radon. EPA and the Surgeon General recommend testing all homes below the third floor for radon.

 

fixedYou cannot predict radon levels based on state, local, and neighborhood radon measurements.  Do not rely on radon test results taken in other homes in the neighborhood to estimate the radon level in your home.  Homes which are next to each other can have different radon levels.  Testing is the only way to find out what your home's radon level is.

In some areas, companies may offer different types of radon service agreements.  Some agreements let you pay a one-time fee that covers both testing and radon mitigation, if needed.  Contact your state radon office to find out if these are available in your state.

Surgeon General of the United States Health Advisory

"Indoor radon gas is a national health problem.  Radon causes thousands of deaths each year.  Millions of homes have elevated radon levels. Most homes should be tested for radon.  When elevated levels are confirmed, the problem should be corrected."

2. I'm Selling a Home.  What Should I Do?

for salea. If Your Home Has Already Been Tested for Radon...

If you are thinking of selling your home and you have already tested your home for radon,  review the Radon Testing Checklist to make sure that the test was done correctly.  If so, provide your test results to the buyer.

No matter what kind of test you took, a potential buyer may ask for a new test especially if:

  • The Radon Testing Checklist items were not met;
  • The last test is not recent, e.g., within two years;
  • You have renovated or altered your home since you tested; or
  • The buyer plans to live in a lower level of the house than was tested, such as a basement suitable for occupancy but not currently lived in.

A buyer may also ask for a new test if your state or local government requires disclosure of radon information to buyers.

b. If Your Home Has Not Yet Been Tested for Radon...

Have a test taken as soon as possible. If you can, test your home before putting it on the market.  You should test in the lowest level of the home which is suitable for occupancy. This means testing in the lowest level that you currently live in or a lower level not currently used, but which a buyer could use for living space without renovations. 

tested for radon The radon test result is important information about your home's radon level.  Some states require radon measurement testers to follow a specific testing protocol.  If you do the test yourself, you should carefully follow the testing protocol for your area or EPA's Radon Testing Checklist.  If you hire a contractor to test your residence, protect yourself by hiring a qualified individual or company.

You can determine a service provider's qualifications to perform radon measurements or to mitigate your home in several ways.  Check with your state radon office.  Many states require radon professionals to be licensed, certified, or registered.  Most states can provide you with a list of knowledgeable radon service providers doing business in the state.  In states that don't regulate radon services, ask the contractor if they hold a professional proficiency or certification credential.  Such programs usually provide members with a photo-ID card, which indicates their qualifications and its expiration date.  If in doubt, you should check with their credentialing organization.  Alternatively, ask the contractor if they've successfully completed formal training appropriate for testing or mitigation, e.g., a course in radon measurement or radon mitigation.

 

3. I'm Buying a Home.  What Should I Do?

buying  a homea. If the Home Has Already Been Tested for Radon...

If you are thinking of buying a home, you may decide to accept an earlier  test result from the seller, or ask the seller for a new test to be conducted by a qualified radon tester.  Before you accept the seller's test, you should determine:

  • The results of previous testing;
  • Who conducted the previous test:  the homeowner, a radon professional, or some other person;
  • Where in the home the previous test was taken, especially if you may plan to live in a lower level of the home.  For example, the test may have been taken on the first floor.  However, if you want to use the basement as living space, test there; and
  • What, if any, structural changes, alterations, or changes in the heating, ventilation, and air conditioning (HVAC) system have been made to the house since the test was done.  Such changes may affect radon levels.

If you accept the seller's test, make sure that the test followed the Radon Testing Checklist.

If you decide that a new test is needed, discuss it with the seller as soon as possible.

b. If the Home Has Not Yet Been Tested for Radon...

Make sure that a radon test is done as soon as possible. Consider including provisions in the contract specifying:

  • Where the test will be located;
  • Who should conduct the test;
  • What type of test to do;
  • When to do the test;
  • How the seller and the buyer will share the test results and test costs (if necessary); and
  • When radon mitigation measures will be taken and who will pay for them.

Make sure that the test is done in the lowest level of the home suitable for occupancy. This means the lowest level that you are going to use as living space which is finished or does not require renovations prior to use. A state or local radon official or qualified radon tester can help you make some of these decisions.

If you decide to finish or renovate an unfinished area of the home in the future, a radon test should be taken before starting the project and after the project is finished. Generally, it is less expensive to install a radon-reduction system before (or during) renovations rather than afterwards.

4. I'm Buying or Building a New Home.  How Can I Protect My Family?

a. Why Should I Buy a Radon-Resistant Home?

Radon-resistant techniques work.  When installed properly and completely, these simple and inexpensive passive techniques can help to reduce radon levels.  In addition, installing them at the time of construction makes it easier to reduce radon levels further if the passive techniques don't reduce radon levels below 4 pCi/L.  Radon-resistant techniques may also help to lower moisture levels and those of other soil-gases.  Radon-resistant techniques:

Making Upgrading Easy:  Even if built to be radon-resistant, every new home should be tested for radon after occupancy.  If you have a test result of 4 pCi/L or more, a vent fan can easily be added to the passive system to make it an active system and further reduce radon levels.
Are Cost-Effective:  Building radon-resistant features into the house during construction is easier and cheaper than fixing a radon problem from scratch later.  Let your builder know that radon-resistant features are easy to install using common building materials.
Save Money:  When installed properly and completely, radon-resistant techniques can also make your home more energy efficient and help you save on your energy costs.

In a new home, the cost to install passive radon-resistant features during construction is usually between $350 and $500.  In some areas, the cost may be as low as $100.  A qualified mitigator will charge about $300 to add a vent fan to a passive system, making it an active system and further reducing radon levels.  In an existing home, it usually costs between $800 and $2,500 to install a radon mitigation system.

b. What Are Radon-Resistant Features?

Radon-resistant techniques (features) may vary for different foundations and site requirements.  If you're having a house built, you can learn about EPA's Model Standards (and architectural drawings) and explain the techniques to your builder.  If your new house was built (or will be built) to be radon-resistant, it will include these basic elements:

  1. Gas-Permeable Layer:  This layer is placed beneath the slab or flooring system to allow the soil gas to move freely underneath the house.  In many cases, the material used is a 4-inch layer of clean gravel.  This gas-permeable layer is used only in homes with basement and slab-on-grade foundations; it is not used in homes with crawlspace foundations.
     
  2. Plastic Sheeting:  Plastic sheeting is placed on top of the gas-permeable layer and under the slab to help prevent the soil gas from entering the home.  In crawl spaces, the sheeting (with seams sealed) is placed directly over the crawlspace floor.
     
  3. Sealing and Caulking:  All below-grade openings in the foundation and walls are sealed to reduce soil gas entry into the home.
     
  4. Vent Pipe:  A 3- or 4-inch PVC pipe (or other gas-tight pipe) runs from the gas-permeable layer through the house to the roof, to safely vent radon and other soil gases to the outside.
     
  5. Junction Boxes:  An electrical junction box is included in the attic to make the wiring and installation of a vent fan easier.  For example, you decide to activate the passive system because your test result showed an elevated radon level (4 pCi/L or more).  A separate junction box is placed in the living space to power the vent fan alarm.  An alarm is installed along with the vent fan to indicate when the vent fan is not operating properly.
radon cutaway

 

5. How Can I Get Reliable Radon Test Results?

Radon testing is easy and the only way to find out if you have a radon problem in your home.

a. Types of Radon Devices

Since you cannot see or smell radon, special equipment is needed to detect it.  When you're ready to test your home, you can order a radon test kit by mail from a qualified radon measurement services provider or laboratory.  You can also hire a qualified radon tester, very often a home inspector, who will use a radon device(s) suitable to your situation.  The most common types of radon testing devices are listed below.

Passive Devices

Passive radon testing devices do not need power to function.  These include charcoal canisters, alpha-track detectors, charcoal liquid scintillation devices, and electret ion chamber detectors which are available at http://www.testproducts.com/safecart.  These devices are exposed to the air in the home for a specified period of time and then sent to our laboratory for analysis.  Both short-term and long-term passive devices are generally inexpensive. Some of these devices may have features that offer more resistance to test interference or disturbance than other passive devices. Qualified radon testers may use any of these devices to measure the home's radon level.

Active Devices

Active radon testing devices require power to function. These include continuous radon monitors and continuous working level monitors.  They continuously measure and record the amount of radon or its decay products in the air.  Many of these devices provide a report of this information which can reveal any unusual or abnormal swings in the radon level during the test period. A qualified tester can explain this report to you.  In addition, some of these devices are specifically designed to deter and detect test interference. Some technically advanced active devices offer anti-interference features.  Although these tests may cost more, they may ensure a more reliable result.

b. General Information for All Devices

A state or local radon official can explain the differences between devices and recommend the ones which are most appropriate for your needs and expected testing conditions.

Make sure to use a radon measurement device from a qualified laboratory.  Certain precautions should be followed to avoid interference during the test period.  See the Radon Testing Checklist for more information on how to get a reliable test result.

Radon Test Device Placement

EPA recommends that testing device(s) be placed in the lowest level of the home suitable for occupancy. This means testing in the lowest level (such as a basement), which a buyer could use for living space without renovations. The test should be conducted in a room to be used regularly (like a family room, living room, playroom, den or bedroom); do not test in a kitchen, bathroom, laundry room or hallway.  Usually, the buyer decides where to locate the radon test, based on their expected use of the home.  A buyer and seller should explicitly discuss and agree on the test location to avoid any misunderstanding.  Their decision should be clearly communicated to the person performing the test.

c. Preventing or Detecting Test Interference

There is a potential for test interference in real estate transactions. There are several ways to prevent or detect test interference:

  • Use a test device that frequently records radon or decay product levels to detect unusual swings;
  • Employ a motion detector to determine whether the test device has been moved or testing conditions have changed;
  • Use a proximity detector to reveal the presence of people in the room which may correlate to possible changes in radon levels during the test;
  • Record the barometric pressure to identify weather conditions which may have affected the test;
  • Record the temperature record to help assess whether doors and windows have been opened;
  • Apply tamper-proof seals to windows to ensure closed house conditions; and
  • Have the seller/occupant sign a non-interference agreement.

Home buyers and sellers should consult a qualified radon test provider about the use of these precautions.

d. Length of Time to Test

Graph   

 

What’s the difference between short-term and long-term testing?
Radon gas levels in a home are not the same every day. Changes in the weather, how often windows and doors are opened and closed, the type of air conditioning/heating systems you use, and your family's lifestyle all contribute to the level of radon gas in your home each day. A short-term test may show unusually high or low levels due to the weather and activity in your home. A long-term test will average your exposure to radon levels over a period of time, and experts agree that this gives a more conclusive test result.

 

 

There Are Two General Ways To Test Your Home for Radon:

Because radon levels vary from day to day and season to season, a short-term test is less likely than a long-term test to tell you your year-round average radon level.  However, if you need results quickly, a short-term test may be used to decide whether to fix the home.

Short-Term Testing

The quickest way to test is with short-term tests. Short-term tests remain in your home from two days to 90 days, depending on the device. There are two groups of devices which are more commonly used for short-term testing. The passive device group includes alpha track detectors, charcoal canisters, charcoal liquid scintillation detectors, and electret ion chambers. The active device group consists of different types of continuous monitors.

Whether you test for radon yourself or hire a state-certified tester or a privately certified tester, all radon tests should be taken for a minimum of 48 hours. A longer period of testing is required for some devices.

Visit our radon test kit & detector Product Catalog

 

Long-Term Testing

Long-term tests remain in your home for more than 90 days. Alpha track, and electret ion chamber detectors are commonly used for this type of testing. A long-term test will give you a reading that is more likely to tell you your home's year-round average radon level than a short-term test. If time permits (more than 90 days) long-term tests can be used to confirm initial short-term results. When long-term test results are 4 pCi/L or higher, EPA recommends fixing the home.

e. Doing a Short-Term Test...

If you are testing in a real estate transaction and you need results quickly, any of the following three options for  short-term Tests are acceptable in determining whether the home should be fixed. Any real estate test for radon should include steps to prevent or detect device interference with the test device.

When Choosing a Short-Term Testing Option...

There are trade-offs among the short-term testing options.  Two tests taken at the same time (simultaneous) would improve the precision of this radon test.  One test followed by another test (sequential) would most likely give a better representation of the seasonal average.  Both active and passive devices may have features which help to prevent test interference.  Your state radon office can help you decide which option is best.

 

Short-Term Testing Options What to do Next
Passive:
Take two short-term tests at the same time in the same location for at least 48 hours.  

or 

Take an initial short-term test for at least 48 hours.  Immediately upon completing the first test, do a second test using an identical device in the same location as the first test.


Fix the home if the average of two tests is 4 pCi/L or more.

 

Fix the home if the average of the two tests is 4 pCi/L or more.

Active:
Test the home with a continuous monitor for at least 48 hours.

Fix the home if the average radon level is 4 pCi/L or more.

f.  Using Testing Devices Properly for Reliable Results

If You Do the Test Yourself

using test devices properlyWhen you are taking a short-term test, close windows and doors and keep them closed, except for normal entry and exit.  If you are taking a short-term test lasting less than four days, be sure to:

  • Close your windows and outside doors at least 12 hours before beginning the test;
  • Do not conduct short-term tests lasting less than four days during severe storms or periods of high winds;
  • Follow the testing instructions and record the start time and date;
  • Place the test device at least 20 inches above the floor in a location where it will not be disturbed and where it will be away from drafts, high heat, high humidity, and exterior walls;
  • Leave the test kit in place for as long as the test instructions say; and
  • Once you have finished the test, record the stop time and date, reseal the package and return it immediately to the lab specified on the package for analysis.

You should receive your test results within a few weeks. If you need results quickly, you should find out how long results will take and, if necessary, request expedited service.

If You Hire a Qualified Radon Tester

In many cases, home buyers and sellers may decide to have the radon test done by a qualified radon tester who knows the proper conditions, test devices, and guidelines for obtaining a reliable radon test result.  They can also:

  • Evaluate the home and recommend a testing approach designed to make sure you get reliable results;
  • Explain how proper conditions can be maintained during the radon test;
  • Emphasize to occupants of a home that a reliable test result depends on their cooperation.  Interference with, or disturbance of, the test or closed-house conditions will invalidate the test result;
  • Analyze the data and report measurement results; and
  • Provide an independent test.

g. Interpreting Radon Test Results

The average indoor radon level is estimated to be about 1.3 pCi/L; roughly 0.4 pCi/L of radon is normally found in the outside air. The U.S. Congress has set a long-term goal that indoor radon levels be no more than outdoor levels. While this goal is not yet technologically achievable for all homes, radon levels in many homes can be reduced to 2 pCi/L or below.

Radon Test Results Reported in Two Ways

Your radon test results may be reported in either picoCuries per liter of air (pCi/L) or working levels (WL). If your test result is in pCi/L, EPA recommends you fix your home if your radon level is 4 pCi/L or higher. If the test result is in WL, EPA recommends you fix the home if the working level is 0.02 WL or higher.  Some states require WL results to be converted to pCi/L to minimize confusion.

Sometimes short-term tests are less definitive about whether the home is at or above 4 pCi/L; particularly when the results are close to 4 pCi/L. For example, if the average of two short-term tests is 4.1 pCi/L, there is about a 50% chance that the year-round average is somewhat below 4 pCi/L. 

However, EPA believes that any radon exposure carries some risk; no level of radon is safe. Even radon levels below 4 pCi/L pose some risk.  You can reduce your risk of lung cancer by lowering your radon level.

As with  other environmental pollutants, there is some uncertainty about the magnitude of radon health risks. However, we know more about radon risks than risks from most other cancer-causing substances. This is because estimates of radon risks are based on data from human studies (underground miners). Additional studies on more typical populations are under way.

Your radon measurement will give you an idea of your risk of getting lung cancer from radon. Your chances of getting lung cancer from radon depend mostly on:

  • Your home's radon level; 
  • The amount of time you spend in your home; and
  • Whether you are a smoker or have ever smoked.

Smoking combined with radon is an especially serious health risk. If you smoke or are a former smoker, the presence of radon greatly increases your risk of lung cancer. If you stop smoking now and lower the radon level in your house, you will reduce your lung cancer risk.

Based on information contained in the National Academy of Sciences 1998 report, The Health Effects of Exposure to Indoor Radon, your radon risk may be somewhat higher than shown; especially if you have never smoked.  It's never too late to reduce your risk to lung cancer.  Don't wait to test and fix a radon problem.  If you are a smoker, stop smoking.

Radon Risk Comparison Charts

It's never too late to reduce your risk of lung cancer.

Don't wait to test and fix a radon problem.

If you are a smoker, stop smoking.

RADON RISK IF YOU SMOKE
Radon Level If 1,000 people who smoked were exposed to this level over a lifetime... The risk of cancer from radon exposure compares to... WHAT TO DO:
Stop smoking and...
20 pCi/L About 135 people could get lung cancer 100 times the risk of drowning Fix your home
10 pCi/L About 71 people could get lung cancer 100 times the risk of dying in a home fire Fix your home
8 pCi/L About 57 people could get lung cancer   Fix your home
4 pCi/L About 29 people could get lung cancer 100 times the risk of dying in an airplane crash Fix your home
2 pCi/L About 15 people could get lung cancer 2 times the risk of dying in a car crash Consider fixing between 2 and 4 pCi/L
1.3 pCi/L About 9 people could get lung cancer (Average indoor radon level) (Reducing radon levels below 2 pCi/L is difficult.)
0.4 pCi/L About 3 people could get lung cancer (Average outdoor radon level) (Reducing radon levels below 2 pCi/L is difficult.)
Note: If you are a former smoker, your risk may be lower.

 

RADON RISK IF YOU HAVE NEVER SMOKED
Radon Level If 1,000 people who never smoked were exposed to this level over a lifetime... The risk of cancer from radon exposure compares to... WHAT TO DO:
20 pCi/L About 8 people could get lung cancer The risk of being killed in a violent crime Fix your home
10 pCi/L About 4 people could get lung cancer   Fix your home
8 pCi/L About 3 people could get lung cancer 10 times the risk of dying in an airplane crash Fix your home
4 pCi/L About 2 people could get lung cancer The risk of drowning Fix your home
2 pCi/L About 1 person could get lung cancer The risk of dying in a home fire Consider fixing between 2 and 4 pCi/L
1.3 pCi/L Less than 1 person could get lung cancer (Average indoor radon level) (Reducing radon levels below 2 pCi/L is difficult.)
0.4 pCi/L Less than 1 person could get lung cancer (Average outdoor radon level) (Reducing radon levels below 2 pCi/L is difficult.)
Note: If you are a former smoker, your risk may be higher.

 

radon checklistRadon Testing Checklist

For reliable test results, follow this Radon Testing Checklist carefully.  Testing for radon is not complicated.  Improper testing may yield inaccurate results and require another test.  Disturbing or interfering with the test device, or with closed-house conditions, may invalidate the test results and is illegal in some states.  If the seller or qualified tester cannot confirm that all items have been completed, take another test.

Before Conducting a Radon Test:
  • Notify the occupants of the importance of proper testing conditions. Give the occupants written instructions or a copy of this Guide and explain the directions carefully.
  • Conduct the radon test for a minimum of 48 hours; some test devices have a minimum exposure time greater than 48 hours.
  • When doing a short-term test ranging from 2-4 days, it is important to maintain closed-house conditions for at least 12 hours before the beginning of the test and during the entire test period.
  • When doing a short-term test ranging from 4-7 days, EPA recommends that closed-house conditions be maintained.
  • If you conduct the test yourself, use a qualified radon measurement device and follow the laboratory's instructions.  Your state may be able to provide you with a list of do-it-yourself test devices available from qualified laboratories.
  • If you hire someone to do the test, hire only a qualified individual.  Some states issue photo identification (ID) cards; ask to see it.  The tester's ID number, if available, should be included or noted in the test report.
  • The test should include method(s) to prevent or detect interference with testing conditions or with the testing device itself.
  • If the house has an active radon-reduction system, make sure the vent fan is operating properly.  If the fan is not operating properly, have it (or ask to have it) repaired and then test.
Closed-house conditions means keeping all windows closed, keeping doors closed except for normal entry and exit, and not operating fans or other machines which bring in air from outside.  Fans that are part of a radon-reduction system or small exhaust fans operating for only short periods of time may run during the test.
During a Radon Test:
  • Maintain closed-house conditions during he entire time of a short term test, especially for tests shorter than one week in length.
     
  • Operate the home's heating and cooling systems normally during the test. For tests lasting less than one week, operate only air-conditioning units which recirculate interior air.
     
  • Do not disturb the test device at any time during the test.
     
  • If a radon-reduction system is in place, make sure the system is working properly and will be in operation during the entire radon test.
After a Radon Test:
  • If you conduct the test yourself, be sure to promptly return the test device to the laboratory.  Be sure to complete the required information, including start and stop times, test location, etc.
     
  • If an elevated level is found, fix the home. Contact a qualified radon-reduction contractor about lowering the radon level.  EPA recommends that you fix the home when the radon level is 4 pCi/L or more.
     
  • Be sure that you or the radon tester can demonstrate or provide information to ensure that the testing conditions were not violated during the testing period.

6. What Should I Do If the Radon Level is High?

a. High Radon Levels Can be Reduced

EPA recommends that you take action to reduce your home's indoor radon levels if your radon test result is 4 pCi/L or higher. It is better to correct a radon problem before placing your home on the market because then you have more time to address a radon problem. 

If elevated levels are found during the real estate transaction, the buyer and seller should discuss the timing and costs of the radon reduction.  The cost of making repairs to reduce radon levels depends on how your home was built and other factors. Most homes can be fixed for about the same cost as other common home repairs, like painting or having a new hot water heater installed. The average cost for a contractor to lower radon levels in a home can range from $800 to about $2,500.

house cutawayb. How To Lower The Radon Level In Your Home

A variety of methods can be used to reduce radon in homes. Sealing cracks and other openings in the foundation is a basic part of most approaches to radon reduction. EPA does not recommend the use of sealing alone to limit radon entry.  Sealing alone has not been shown to lower radon levels significantly or consistently. 

 In most cases, a system with a vent pipe(s) and fan(s) is used to reduce radon.  These "sub-slab depressurization" systems do not require major changes to your home. Similar systems can also be installed in homes with crawl space.  These systems prevent radon gas from entering the home from below the concrete floor and from outside the foundation.  Radon mitigation contractors may use other methods that may also work in your home. The right system depends on the design of your home and other factors. 

Techniques for reducing radon are discussed in EPA's "Consumer's Guide to Radon Reduction."  As with any other household appliance, there are costs associated with the operation of the radon-reduction system.

Radon and home renovations

If you are planning any major renovations, such as converting an unfinished basement area into living space, it is especially important to test the area for radon before you begin.

If your test results indicate an elevated radon level, radon-resistant techniques can be inexpensively included as part of the renovation. Major renovations can change the level of radon in any home.  Test again after the work is completed.

You should also test your home again after it is fixed to be sure that radon levels have been reduced. If your living patterns change and you begin occupying a lower level of your home (such as a basement) you should retest your home on that level. In addition, it is a good idea to retest your home sometime in the future to be sure radon levels remain low.

selecting a radon mitigatorc. Selecting a Radon-Reduction (Mitigation) Contractor

Select a qualified radon-reduction contractor to reduce the radon levels in your home.  Any mitigation measures taken or system installed in your home must conform to your state's regulations.  In states without regulations covering mitigation, the system should conform to EPA's Radon Mitigation Standards.

EPA recommends that the mitigation contractor review the radon measurement results before beginning and radon-reduction work.  Test again after the radon mitigation work has been completed to confirm that previous elevated levels have been reduced. 

d. What Can a Qualified Radon-Reduction Contractor Do for You?

A qualified radon-reduction (mitigation) contractor should be able to:

  • Review testing guidelines and measurement results, and determine if additional measurements are needed;
     
  • Evaluate the radon problem and provide you with a detailed, written proposal on how radon levels will be lowered;
     
  • Design a radon-reduction system;
     
  • Install the system according to EPA standards, or state or local codes; and
     
  • Make sure the finished system effectively reduces radon levels to acceptable levels.

Choose a radon mitigation contractor to fix your radon problem just as you would for any other home repair.  You may want to get more than one estimate, ask for and check their references.  Make sure the person you hire is qualified to install a mitigation system.  Some states regulate or certify radon mitigation services providers.

Be aware that a potential conflict of interest exists if the same person or firm performs the testing and installs the mitigation system.  Some states may require the homeowner to sign a waiver in such cases.  If the same person or firm does the testing and mitigation, make sure the testing is done in accordance with the Radon Testing Checklist.  Contact your state radon office for more information.

e. Radon in Water

The radon in your home's indoor air can come from two sources, the soil or your water supply.  Compared to radon entering your home through water, radon entering your home through soil is a much larger risk.  If you've tested for radon in air and have elevated radon levels and your water comes from a private well, have your water tested.  The devices and procedures for testing your home's water supply are different from those used for measuring radon in air.

The radon in your water supply poses an inhalation risk and an ingestion risk.  Research has shown that your risk of lung cancer from breathing radon in air is much larger than your risk of stomach cancer from swallowing water with radon in it.  Most of your risk from radon in water comes from radon released into the air when water is used for showering and other household purposes.

Radon in your home's water in not usually a problem when its source is surface water.  A radon in water problem is more likely when its source is ground water, e.g., a private well or a public water supply system that uses ground water.  Some public water systems treat their water to reduce radon levels before it is delivered to your home.  If you are concerned that radon may be entering your home through the water and your water comes from a public water supply, contact your water supplier.

radon in water test kits available hereIf you've tested your private well and have a radon in water problem, it can be fixed. Your home's water supply can be treated in one of two ways.  Point-of-entry treatment can effectively remove radon from the water before it enters your home.  Point-of-entry treatment usually employs either granular activated carbon (GAC) filters or aeration devices.  While GAC filters usually cost less than aeration devices, filters can collect radioactivity and may require a special method of disposal.  Point-of-use treatment devices remove radon from your water at the tap, but only treat a small portion of the water you use, e.g., the water you drink.  Point-of-use devices are not effective in reducing the risk from breathing radon released into the air from all water used in the home.

 

7. Go to the Radon Myths and Facts Page

 

Isn't it worth your family's health?  


  Radon testing is an important part of assuring your family's risk of Radon Gas causing ailments to be reduced. Radon kills. Order your radon test kit today!

 

EPA Map of Radon Zones

The Map was developed using five factors to determine radon potential: indoor radon measurements; geology; aerial radioactivity; soil permeability; and, foundation type. Radon potential assessment is based on geologic provinces. Radon Index Matrix is the quantitative assessment of radon potential. Confidence Index Matrix shows the quantity and quality of the data used to assess radon potential. Geologic Provinces were adapted to county boundaries for the Map of Radon Zones.

Sections 307 and 309 of the Indoor Radon Abatement Act of 1988 (IRAA) directed EPA to list and identify areas of the U.S. with the potential for elevated indoor radon levels. EPA's Map of Radon Zones assigns each of the 3,141 counties in the U.S. to one of three zones based on radon potential:

  • Zone 1 counties have a predicted average indoor radon screening level greater than 4 pCi/L (pico curies per liter) (red zones)
  • Zone 2 counties have a predicted average indoor radon screening level between 2 and 4 pCi/L (orange zones)
  • Zone 3 counties have a predicted average indoor radon screening level less than 2 pCi/L (yellow zones)

An Adobe Acrobat pdf version of the map is available (suitable for printing): color - zonemapcolor.pdf (330KB file)  |  black & white - b&wmap.pdf (101KB file)

You can view your State's radon potential map by clicking on your State below.

EPA Map of Radon Zones

 

Alabama || Alaska || Arizona || Arkansas || California || Colorado || Connecticut || Delaware || Florida || Georgia || Hawaii || Idaho || Illinois || Indiana || Iowa || Kansas || Kentucky || Louisiana || Maine || Maryland || Massachusetts || Michigan || Minnesota || Mississippi || Missouri || Montana || Nebraska || Nevada || New Hampshire || New Jersey || New Mexico || New York || North Carolina || North Dakota || Ohio || Oklahoma || Oregon || Pennsylvania || Rhode Island || South Carolina || South Dakota || Tennessee || Texas || Utah || Vermont || Virginia || Washington || West Virginia || Wisconsin || Wyoming

 

The contents of these WebPages are copyright protected

� 1996-2005, All rights reserved NATIONAL SAFETY PRODUCTS, Inc.


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Mold Testing/Survey

Unless you or your family have health problems that concern you about the presents of mold, testing for mold usually is not necessary. The fact is, every house has mold, just how much is the question. 

Some signs to look for in your home or the house you are about to buy is: 

  • Is there a musty or unpleasant odor?
  • Is there dampness?
  • Is there water stains on the ceiling, walls or floor?

If any of these conditions are present you might want a mold survey performed before you buy the house.  Mold is not always visible. It can hide very well. Wherever there is or has been a leak in the house is a potential concern. Mold can lay dormant from an old leak, just waiting for the right conditions to start growing again. Mold is often found under carpet, inside the walls and ceilings. These area's can not be inspected visually and are beyond the scope of a home inspection. Other areas mold is found is inside the base cupboards and under the floor system. 

Every inspection we perform includes looking for mold and conditions that are favorable for mold growth. In the event mold or conditions are discovered I will talk to you about your options at that time. 

Now I'm different than most inspectors, I'm not out to take your money needlessly. Even if mold is discovered, I explain the scope and the hazards, if any. Mold testing can get expensive because the samples need to be processed by an accredited laboratory and they charge a fee.  

If you require a mold survey, it could run $350.00 or more depending on the size of the house. This is a small price to pay if there is a serious mold issue. To remove the mold can cost 1000,s of dollars.

If you have more questions or need a mold survey call HomeFront Inspection to schedule a mold survey. 303-777-8025

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Winterized Plumbing Air Test

Because of all the foreclosures and  vacant homes there are a lot of homes that are winterized. Usually, winterization includes only turning off the water and draining the plumbing in the house to prevent the pipes from freezing. However, sometimes the gas and the electric is also turned off. All utilities must be on to do a thorough inspection. 

Most bank owned properties are winterized and the banks require up to $350.00 just to turn on the water and then re-winterize the house again after the inspection. 

We have developed a process to pressurize the plumbing system with air. We install a pressure gauge to monitor the integrity of the plumbing system. If the pressure gauge drops during the testing process we know there is a leak. We do our best to locate the leak and most can be found, but not always. There are some limitations to this process because not all water related components can be tested. Some of these are:

These can not be tested with an air pressure test.

  • Dishwasher
  • Washing machine
  • Humidifiers
  • Drains
  • Ice makers
  • Toilet tank internal parts
  • Sprinkler system

All the above items have easy access and can usually be easily repaired. However, it there is a water leak in the water pipes the water will eventually cause major damage to the house and create conditions favorable for mold. Our main objective is to prevent major problems to your home.

COST

There is an additional fee for the air pressure test. It usually runs between $75 to $175.00 if conducted during a regular home inspection. A plumbing air pressure test by it's self will cost $175 to $300.

If you need an air pressure test be sure to call HomeFront Inspection prior to the inspection because this requires special equipment. 

303-777-8025

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Asbestos Testing

Many homes have asbestos material present either on the outside or inside. Asbestos was commonly used in homes that were built well into the 1980"s. If there are suspicious areas that may contain asbestos the inspector will mention these to you at the inspection. Then you can decide if you want to have it tested for asbestos. An accredited laboratory needs to do the testing of the sample provided by the inspector. 

Lead Base Paint Testing

Lead Base Paint (LBP) was banned in 1978. Homes that were built prior to 1978 have the potential of having LBP. Lead in paint is know to cause brain damage in small children. Small children are always putting their fingers in their mouths. Dust from LBP, caused from opening and closing doors and windows, can easily get on the child's hands and then into their mouth. The Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) have strict guidelines when it comes to removing LBP. If your house has LBP you should visit www.epa.org and see what is required when removing Lead Base Paint.

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